Contaminant transport and biodegradation in saturated porous media: model development and simulation     

Song‐Bae Kim 《水文研究》2005,19(20):4069-4079

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Bearing capacity of two interfering strip footings from lower bound finite elements limit analysis     

Jyant Kumar  Paramita Bhattacharya 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(5):441-452

A rigorous lower bound solution, with the usage of the finite elements limit analysis, has been obtained for finding the ultimate bearing capacity of two interfering strip footings placed on a sandy medium. Smooth as well as rough footing–soil interfaces are considered in the analysis. The failure load for an interfering footing becomes always greater than that for a single isolated footing. The effect of the interference on the failure load (i) for rough footings becomes greater than that for smooth footings, (ii) increases with an increase in ?, and (iii) becomes almost negligible beyond S/B > 3. Compared with various theoretical and experimental results reported in literature, the present analysis generally provides the lowest magnitude of the collapse load. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Evaluating the effectiveness of road‐crossing drainage culverts in ephemeral streams     

C. Conesa‐García  R. García‐Lorenzo 《水文研究》2013,27(12):1781-1796

The present study proposes a method for evaluating the effectiveness of road‐crossing drainage culverts in ephemeral streams. This approach is focused on estimating the culvert capacity in road–stream crossings and the probable runoff generated on the road from hydrological thresholds associated with hydromorphological criteria. In particular, discharges at bankfull and flood‐prone stages have been used in combination with 2.5 and 100‐year peak discharges. Different hydraulic variables have been considered for calculating the discharge through culverts under these conditions (e.g. tailwater and headwater depth, inlet control, pipe roughness, pipe cross‐area and slope, pipe outlet velocity, critical water depth, and flow rate over the road). Geomorphological factors such as bed stability, bed load transport, and channel roughness have also been considered because of their potential for obstructing the drains in this type of channel. In addition, a potential obstruction index (PI_OBSTR) has been calculated, as a dependent parameter of the obstacle index (I_OBST) and the potential build‐up of coarse sediments (PB_CS). The study has been carried out on the Mediterranean coast in the region of Murcia (Spain), where there are numerous examples of road–stream crossings equipped with culverts in ephemeral channels that could cause highly dangerous situations for road traffic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Seismic imaging and crustal architecture across the Lachlan Transverse Zone,a possible early cross‐cutting feature of eastern Australia     

D. M. Finlayson  R. J. Korsch  R. A. Glen  J. H. Leven  D. W. Johnstone 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):311-321

A 2‐D crustal velocity model has been derived from a 1997 364 km north‐south wide‐angle seismic profile that passed from Ordovician volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks (Molong Volcanic Belt of the Macquarie Arc) in the north, across the Lachlan Transverse Zone into Ordovician turbidites and Early Devonian intrusive granitoids in the south. The Lachlan Transverse Zone is a proposed west‐northwest to east‐southeast structural feature in the Eastern Lachlan Orogen and is considered to be a possible early lithospheric feature controlling structural evolution in eastern Australia; its true nature, however, is still contentious. The velocity model highlights significant north to south lateral variations in subsurface crustal architecture in the upper and middle crust. In particular, a higher P‐wave velocity (6.24–6.32 km/s) layer identified as metamorphosed arc rocks (sensu lato) in the upper crust under the arc at 5–15 km depth is juxtaposed against Ordovician craton‐derived turbidites by an inferred south‐dipping fault that marks the southern boundary of the Lachlan Transverse Zone. Near‐surface P‐wave velocities in the Lachlan Transverse Zone are markedly less than those along other parts of the profile and some of these may be attributed to mid‐Miocene volcanic centres. In the middle and lower crust there are poorly defined velocity features that we infer to be related to the Lachlan Transverse Zone. The Moho depth increases from 37 km in the north to 47 km in the south, above an underlying upper mantle with a P‐wave velocity of 8.19 km/s. Comparison with velocity layers in the Proterozoic Broken Hill Block supports the inferred presence of Cambrian oceanic mafic volcanics (or an accreted mafic volcanic terrane) as substrate to this part of the Eastern Lachlan Orogen. Overall, the seismic data indicate significant differences in crustal architecture between the northern and southern parts of the profile. The crustal‐scale P‐wave velocity differences are attributed to the different early crustal evolution processes north and south of the Lachlan Transverse Zone.  相似文献   

Distant water fisheries development and vessel monitoring system implementation in Taiwan—History and driving forces   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shui-Kai Chang  Kun-Yu Liu  Yann-Huei Song 《Marine Policy》2010

This paper provides an analytical review of the development of distant water fisheries and the implementation of vessel monitoring systems (VMS) in Taiwan. Taiwanese distant water fisheries have gone through several stages in development: rebirth from the damage of World War II up until the early 1970s, stagnation during the mid-1970s to early 1980s, unbridled growth in the late 1980s to a peak in the 1990s–early 2000s, and a stage of disruption and transformation since the mid-2000s. There were two major fisheries in this stage: tuna and squid, both of which rank between the world's first and third largest. Development was mainly driven by national promotion programs and vessel-building restricting policies; and international influences such as oil crises, declaration of exclusive economic zones, and legal arrangements that stimulated strengthening of international management measures. Growth in Taiwan's over-developed fisheries has outpaced the incommensurately scaled Taiwanese fisheries management sector that has not expanded in parallel with the fisheries. Monitoring of vessel activities remains a major management issue. VMS, which can provide both national and international bodies with an essential monitoring capability for ensuring resource management, was found to be one of the important solutions to this issue. The system, however, was initially unacceptable to the fishers, and the government has transformed external pressures arising from international arrangements and management measures into a force for promoting installation of VMS on Taiwanese fishing vessels. This has occurred in stages: a trial period during 1989–1992; initial development during 1994–1996; expansion during 1996–2004; and a more mature stage of enhanced implementation from 2005 to the present.  相似文献   

粤港澳大湾区城市群自然灾害综合承灾能力评价     

王钧  宫清华  宇岩  袁少雄  陈军  黄光庆 《地理研究》2020,39(9):2189-2199

随着全球气候变化,城市自然灾害日益频繁,城市综合承灾能力越来越受到关注。基于城市人口、社会、经济、环境、交通等承灾体特征,建立粤港澳大湾区城市群自然灾害综合承灾能力评价指标体系;基于客观赋权的信息熵法,建立城市综合承灾能力定量分析评价模型;在此基础上,计算得到粤港澳大湾区城市综合承灾能力指数,分析各城市自然灾害综合承灾能力水平和影响因素。结果表明：粤港澳大湾区城市综合承灾能力指数变化范围为0.1886~0.6615,广州和深圳相对较高,肇庆和惠州相对较低,各城市自然灾害的承灾能力和影响因素存在显著差异,造成大湾区城市群整体承灾能力的短板效应,需要进一步加强城市综合承灾能力建设,从整体上提升大湾区城市综合承灾能力水平。  相似文献   

自升式平台桩脚在含硬壳层地基中的插深分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李洪  邓金根  孙焱  李炎军 《海岸工程》2010,29(2):31-37

存在硬壳层的层状地基承载能力分析是自升式钻井平台桩脚插深分析的关键,但是目前对硬壳层承载能力的确定还没有成熟可行的理论计算方法。一般的针对非均质层状地基的承载力计算方法,因参数较多,计算步骤繁琐,很难广泛应用于实际的平台桩脚入泥深度分析中。文中主要介绍了存在硬壳层的层状地基承载力的分析方法与过程,根据应力扩散原理推导并做适当的简化得到硬壳层承载力修正方法。简化后的修正方法能满足一般硬壳层承载力分析的需要,并使平台插桩深度分析计算过程变得简便。通过在实际工程的应用,得到的实测结果与理论计算值也较为一致,说明了用此方法分析硬壳层地基的平台插桩是合理、实用的。  相似文献   

直线与缓和曲线斜交的直接解算法     

覃辉 《测绘科学》2010,35(5):133-136,201

本文提出了缓和曲线的拟合圆弧的概念,首先确定直线与拟合圆弧的交点,将拟合圆弧的交点桩号作为直线与缓和曲线交点的初始桩号,算出其中桩坐标与走向方位角,再由初始交点向直线作垂线算出初始桩号的改正数,实现了交点桩号的直接解算。  相似文献   

不同形态洛美沙星在高岭土上的吸附特性     

卞馨怡  毕二平 《地学前缘》2019,26(4):279-286

本研究采用批实验方法探究了不同形态洛美沙星(LOM)在高岭土上的吸附特性。LOM吸附动力学结果符合准二级反应动力学方程,吸附等温数据可用Langmuir方程很好地拟合。随着溶液pH值增大,洛美沙星吸附量先增大后减小,且pH值在洛美沙星pKa1与pKa2间吸附量达到最大。不同形态LOM在高岭土上的吸附量排序为LOM^±>LOM^+>LOM^-。溶液离子强度和无机阳离子种类对LOM^+在高岭土上的吸附影响十分微弱,但均明显抑制了LOM^±的吸附,且离子强度越大,抑制作用越明显。不同无机阳离子抑制程度排序为Mg^2+>Ca^2+>K^+>Na^+。LOM^+在高岭土上的吸附机理主要是内层络合和阳离子交换;LOM^±在高岭土上的吸附机理主要是阳离子交换、氢键作用和静电引力作用;LOM^-与高岭土表面存在较大静电斥力,导致吸附量很小,可能是外层表面络合引起少量的吸附。  相似文献   

黏土矿物含量对CO_2地质埋存体盖层封闭性的影响     

马鑫  杨国栋  喻英  李旭峰  刘小天 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2019,(1):121-129

为了解CO_2地质储存过程中黏土矿物含量对盖层封闭性的影响,本文以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系和尚沟组泥岩盖层为研究对象,利用TOUGHREACT软件研究了不同黏土矿物含量、储层厚度对盖层封闭性的影响。研究表明,当盖层黏土矿物含量达到50%时,渗透率最大可减降低36%,有效封存厚度可达70 m;当黏土矿物含量减少至10%时,盖层自封闭性大幅降低,有效封存厚度为4 m,且盖层中的蒙脱石也由沉淀转化为溶解。黏土矿物含量越高,盖层封闭性越强,有效封存厚度越大。储层厚度对盖层封闭性有直接影响,当储层厚度大于盖层有效封存厚度时,则会发生泄漏;当储层厚度达到100 m时,CO_2将在125年后穿透黏土矿物含量为50%的盖层。本研究可为CO_2地质储存的储盖层选择和安全性评价提供理论依据。  相似文献